The most well-known of the Swiss Mountain Dogs, the Bernese is distinguished by its long, silky coat. The origin of the breed is speculative at best. Some experts believe that the history of this breed dates back to the Roman invasion of Switzerland, when Roman mastiffs were crossed with native flock guardian dogs. This cross produced a strong dog capable of withstanding the alpine climate and one that could serve as a draft dog, flock guardian, herder, and general farm dog. Despite its usefulness, little effort was made to purposely perpetuate the breed. By the late 19th century, the breed was in danger of disappearing. At that time, Professor Albert Heim began a study of Swiss dogs that led to the identification of the Bernese Mountain Dog as one of the existing types. These dogs were found only in the valleys of the lower Alps. Thanks to Dr. Heim's efforts, these dogs were promoted throughout Switzerland and even Europe. The finest specimens were found in the Bern area, giving the breed its name, Bernese Mountain Dog. With the breed's expansion, the name was changed to Bernese Mountain Dog. Today, the Bernese Mountain Dog is one of the more than 343 breeds currently recognized by the FCI (Federation Cynalogique Internationale) and the FCM (Mexican Kennel Federation).